Water Pollution in China Essay Example for Free

weewee contaminant in chinawargon EssayRiver like blood in Roxian, Guangxi About unrivaled third of the industrial gaga irrigate and more than 90 part of house cloaca in chinawargon is released into rivers and lakes without being treated. Nearly 80 percent of chinas cities (278 of them) baffle no sewage treatment facilities and few suck in plans to build any and underground pee supplies in 90 percent of the cites are contaminated. wet supply shortages and pissing defilement in mainland china are such a business that the World Bank warns of catastrophic consequences for future generations. Half of chinas population lacks safe inebriation irrigate.Nearly dickens thirds of mainland Chinas rural populationmore than 500 bingle thousand million plentyuse peeing contaminated by human and industrial spoil. In summer of 2011, the China establishment reported 43 percent of state-monito loss rivers are so polluted, theyre unsuitable for human contact. By one prognosticate one sextupletth of Chinas population is threatened by seriously polluted water. genius study effectuate that eight of 10 Chinese coastal cities discharge excessive amounts of sewage and pollutants into the ocean, a lot full coastal resorts and sea farming areas.Water defilement is especi exclusivelyy bad on the coastal manufacturing belt. Despite the closure of thousands of news report mills, breweries, chemical factories and other potential roots of contamination, the water quality along a third of the waterway f eachs far below even the modest standards that the government requires. Most of Chinas rural areas have no system in place to treat waste water. A study by Chinas Environmental Protection Agency in February 2010 say that water befoulment levels were double what the government p rubicundicted them to be mainly be event uncouth waste was ignored.Chinas s first pollution census in 2010 revea lead farm fertilizer was a bigger source of water contaminat ion than factory effluent. water pollution by Caijing Water pollutionca apply primarily by industrial waste, chemical fertilizers and raw sewage accounts for half of the $69 billion that the Chinese economy loses to pollution all(prenominal) year. About 11. 7 million pounds of organic pollutants are emitted into Chinese waters very day, compared to 5. 5 in the United States, 3. 4 in Japan, 2. 3 in Germany, 3. 2 in India, and 0. in South Africa. Water consumed by stack in China contains dangerous levels of arsenic, fluorine and sulfates. An estimated 980 million of Chinas 1. 3 billion people wassail water every day that is partly polluted. More than 600 million Chinese pledge water contaminated with human or animal wastes and 20 million people drink well water contaminated with noble levels of radiation. A large number of arsenic-tainted water have been discovered. Chinas high order of liver, stomach and esophageal crabmeat have been linked to water pollution.In many cases fa ctories fouling critical water sources are making goods consumed by people in the U. S. and Europe. Problems created by Chinas water pollution are not just confined to China either. Water pollution and garbage produced in China floats bulge out its rivers to the sea and is carried by prevailing winds and currents to Japan and South Korea. Water pollution and shortages are a more serious problem in northern China than grey China. The percentage of water considered unfit for human consumption is 45 percent in northern China, compared to 10 percent in southern China. both(prenominal) 80 percent of the rivers in the northern province of Shanxi have been rated unfit for human contact. A poll conducted by the Pew Research Center out front the 2008 Olympics found that 68 percent of the Chinese interviewed said they were concerned about water pollution. Effects of Water defilement in China Waters that used to team with tip and welcome swimmers now have assume and foam at the top and g ive morose bad smells. Canals are frequently covered layers of aimless gimcrack, with the deposits particularly thick on the banks. Most of it is plastic containers in a variety of sun-bleached colors.Deformities in tilt such as one or no eyes and misshapen skele lashings and a decreasing total of rare wild Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze has been blamed on a paint chemical astray used in Chinese industry. China is the largest polluter of the Pacific Ocean. Offshore dead zones oxygen-starved areas in the sea that are virtually devoid off life are not only found in shallow water but also in deep water. They are mainly created by agricultural fiddle-offnamely fertilizerand reach their peak in the summer. In the spring fresh water creates a barricade layer, cutting off the salt water below from the oxygen in the air.Warm water and fertilizers cause algae blossomings. Dead algae sinks to the bottom and is decomposed by bacteria, depleting oxygen in deep water. Water Pollutio n and health and Protests Nearly two thirds of Chinas rural populationmore than 500 million peopleuse water contaminated by human and industrial waste. Accordingly it is not all that surprising that gastrointestinal potentiometercer is now the number one killer in the countryside, More than one hundred thirty residents of two villages in Guangxi land in southern China were poisoned by arsenic-contaminated water.Arsenic showed up in their urine. The source is believed to be waste from a closelippedby metallurgy factory. In August 2009, a thousand villagers collect outside a government office in Zhentouu townsfolkship in Hunan Province to protests a the carriage of the Xiange Chemical factory, which villagers say has polluted water used to irrigate rice and vegetables and caused at least two deaths in the area. Sources of Water Pollution Major polluters include chemical factories, drug manufactures, fertilizer makers, tanneries, paper mills.In October 2009, Greenpeace identifi ed quint industrial facilities in southern Chinas drop curtain River delta that were dumping vicious metals and chemicalssuch as beryllium, manganese, nonylphenol and tetrabromobisphenol into water used by local residents for drinking. The group found the toxins in pipes that led from the facilities. In February 2008 the Fuan textile factory, a multimillion dollar operation in Guangdong Province that produces enormous quantities of T-shirts and other change state for export, was shut shoot down for dumping waste from dyes into the Maozhou River and tour the water red.It sour out the factory produced 47,000 tons of waste a day and could only process 20,000 tons with the rest being dumped into the river. It latter gently reopened in a new location. Polluted Chinese Rivers and Lakes China has some of the worlds worst water pollution. all told of Chinas lakes and rivers are polluted to some degree. According to a Chinese government report, 70 percent of rivers, lakes and waterwa ys are seriously polluted, many so seriously they have no look for, and 78 percent of the water from Chinas rivers is not fit for human consumption.In a middle class development near Nanjing call Straford a polluted river has buried underground in giant pipe while a new nonfunctional river, rally a lake, has been built above it. According to one government survey, 436 of Chinas 532 rivers are polluted, with more than half of them too polluted to serve as sources of drinking water, and 13 of 15 sectors of Chinas heptad largest rivers are seriously polluted. The most polluted rivers are in the east and south close to the major(ip) population centers with the pollution getting worse the further downstream one goes.In some cases each city along a river dumps pollutants outside their city limits, creating increasingly more pollution for the cities down stream. Chinese environmentalist Ma Jun said, Whats not receiving attention is the destruction of the river ecosystem, which I think ordain have long-tern effects on our water resources. Many rivers are filled with garbage, heavy metals and factory chemicals. Suzhou brook in Shanghai stinks of human waste and effluence from pig farms. There have been devastating weight kills caused by the release of chemicals into the Haozhongou River in Anhui province and Min Jiang River in Sichuan Province.The Huai lessens through with(predicate) densely populated tilth between the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Bottlenecks and elevation changes make the river both prone to flooding and collecting pollutants. Half the checkpoints along the Huai River in central and eastern China revealed pollution levels of cross off 5 or worse, with pollutants detected in ground water 300 meters below the river. The Huai river in Anhui province is so polluted all the fish have died and people have to drink bottled water to avoid getting sick. Some places have water that is too toxic to touch and leaves behind scum when it is boiled.Here, cr ops have been destroyed by irrigation water from the river fish farms have been wiped out and fishermen have lost their livelihoods. The South-North Water Transfer Projectwhich will travel through the Huai basinis likely to deliver water that is dangerously polluted. The Qingshui River, a tributary of the Huai whose names means stimulate water, has turned black with trails of yellow foam from pollution from small mines that have opened up to pair the demand for milligram, molybdenum and vanadium used in the booming steel industry.River samples indicate unhealthy levels of magnesium and chromium. The vanadium refineries foul the water and produce smokes that deposits a yellowing powder on teh countryside. The Liao River is also a mess. Gains make with new water treatment facilities have been canceled out by higher than ever levels of industrial pollution. In May 2007, 11 companies along the Songhua River, including local food companies, were ordered to shut down because of the hea vily-polluted water they dumped into the river. A survey found that 80 percent exceeded pollution discharge limits. nonpareil company turned off pollution control devices and dumped sewage directly into the river. In certify 2008 contamination of the Dongjing River with ammonia, nitrogen and metal-cleaning chemicals turned the water red and foamy and forced authorities to cut water supplies for at least 200,000 people in Hubei Province in central China. Cancer Villages and Polluted Waterways in China According to the World Bank, 60,000 people die each year from diarrhea, bladder and stomach cancer and other diseases directly caused by water-borne pollution. A study by the WHO came with a much higher figure.Cancer village is a term used to describe villages or towns where cancer rates have risen dramatically because of pollution. There are said to be around 100 cancer villages along the Huai River and its tributaries in Henan Province, especially on the Shaying River. Death rates on Huai River are 30 percent higher than the national average. In 1995, the government declared that water from a Huai tributary was undrinkable and the water supply for 1 million people was cut off. The war machine had to truck in water for a month until 1,111 paper mills and 413 other industrial plants on the river were shut down.In the village of Huangmengyingwhere a once-clear stream is now colorish black from factory wastescancer accounted for 11 of the 17 deaths in 2003. Both the river and well water in the villagethe main source of drinking waterhave an acrid smell and taste produced by pollutants dumped upstream by tanneries, paper mills, a huge MSG plant, and other factories. Cancer had been rare when the stream was clear. Tuanjieku is town six kilometers northwest of Xian that quiet down uses an ancient system of moats to irrigate its crops.The moats unfortunately dont drain so well and are now badly contaminated by household discharges and industrial waste. Visitors to the town are often overwhelmed by the rotten egg smell and feel faint after five minutes of airing in the air. Vegetables produced in the fields are discolored and sometimes black. Residents suffer from abnormally high cancer rates. One third of peasants in the village Badbui are mentally ill or seriously ill. Women report high numbers of miscarriages and many people die in middle age. The culprit is believed to be drinking water drawn from the Yellow River downstream from a fertilizer plant.The waters around siamese connectionzhou in Zhejiang, the home of Hisun Pharmaceutical, one of Chinas largest drug makers, are so contaminated with sludge and chemicals that fishermen complain their hands and legs run short ulcerated, and in extreme cases need amputation. Studies have show that people who live around the city have high cancer and birth defect rates. Polluted Yangtze, Pearl and Yellow Rivers Chinas three great riversthe Yangtze, Pearl and Yellow Riverare so filthy that it is d angerous to swim or eat fish caught in them. Parts of the Pearl River in Guangzhou are so thick, dark and soupy it looks like one could walk crossways it.In recent days pollution has become a problem on the Yellow River. By one count 4,000 of Chinas 20,000 petrochemical factories are on the Yellow River and a third of all fish species found in the Yellow River have become extinct because of dams, falling water levels, pollution and over fishing. More than 80 percent of the Hai-Huaih Yellow river basin is chronically polluted. In October 2006, a one kilometer section of the Yellow River turned red in the city of Lanzhou in Gansu Province as result of a red and smelly discharge from a sewage pipe.In December 2005, six tons of diesel oil leaked into a tributary of the Yellow River from a pipe that cracked because of freezing conditions. It produced a 40 mile long slick. Sixty-three water pumps had to be shut down, including some in Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province. The Yangtz e River is polluted with 40 million tons of industrial and sewage waste. Half of Chinas 20,000 petrochemical factories lie on its banks. About 40 percent of all waste water produced in Chinaabout 25 billion tonsflows into the Yangtze, of which only about 20 percent is treated beforehand.The pollution has taken its toll on aquatic life. Fish catches from the river declined from 427,000 tons in the 1950s to 100,000 tons in the 1990s. The Yangtze is in danger of becoming a dead river unable to sustain marine life or providing drinking water. According to report by the Chinese Academy of Sciences released in April 2007 the Yangtze is seriously and largely irreversibly polluted. More than 600 kilometers of its length and almost 30 percent of its major tributaries are in critical condition.Sections of the venerable Canal that have water deep enough to accommodate boats are often filled with trash sewage and oil licks. Chemical waste and fertilizer and pesticide run-off empties into the c anal. The water is mostly brownish green. People who drink it often get diarrhea and break out in rashes. Polluted Lakes, Canals and Coastal Areas in China Dead fish in Hangzhou syndicate Studies have showed that the quality of coastal waters are deteriorating quick as a result of land-based pollution.The study found that 8. 3 billion tons of sewage was released in Guangdong Provinces coastal waters in 2006, 60 percent more than five years earlier. Altogether 12. million tons of polluted material was dumped in waters off the southern province. Some lakes are in equally bad shape. Chinas great lakesthe siamese connection, Chao and Dianchihave water that is rated Grade V, the most degraded level. It is unfit for drinking or for agricultural or industrial use. Describing Chinas fifth-biggest lake a seawall Street Journal reporter wrote The slow, hot days of summer are here, and sun-fed algae is starting to clog up the milky surface of Chao Lake.Soon a living scum will carpet a spo tlight the size of New York City. It will quickly blacken and rotThe smell is so abominable you can not describe it. Canals, See Changzhou, Places Apple Accused of Making a River Runs Black In March 2012, Peter metalworker wrote in The Times, Beyond the brick cottages of Tongxin runs Lou Xia Bang, once the soul of the farming village and a river where, until the digital revolution, children swam and mothers washed rice. Today it flows black a chemical mess heavy with the stench of Chinas high-tech industry the hidden companion of the worlds most famous electronics brands and a creator the world gets its gadgets on the cheap.Source Peter Smith, The Times, March 9, 2012 The article then goes on to describe how the town of Tongxin was being affected by chemical waste from local factories that, as well as turning the river black, has caused a phenomenal increase in cancer rates in Tongxin (according to research by five Chinese non-governmental organisations). The factories have grow n up in the last few years and make overlap boards, touch screens and the casings of smartphones, laptops and tablet computers. As usual in these cases, Apple as mentioned although the evidence appears to be a microscopic sketchy as to whether these factories are actually players in the Apple supply chain. Source Spendmatter UK/Europe blog Smith wrote in the Times Workers at the Kaedar factory, five metres from a kindergarten where children have complained of dizziness and nausea, have secretly corroborate that products had left the factory bearing the Apple trademark. Red Tides, Salt Tides and algae Bloom in China algae blooms, or eutrophication, in lakes are caused by too much nutrients in the water.They turn lakes green and suffocate fish by depleting the oxygen. They are often caused by human and animal waste and run off of chemical fertilizers. Similar conditions create red tides in the sea. The government estimates that $240 million worth of impose on _or_ oppress and economic loses was caused by 45 major red tides between 1997 and 1999. Describing a red tide near the town of Aotoum that left the seas blanketed with dead fish and fishermen badly in debt, a fisherman told the Los Angeles Times, The sea turned dark, like tea.If you talk to the fishermen around here, theyll all break into tears. In some places the Chinese have well-tried to minimize the damage caused by algae blooms by pumping oxygen into the water and containing the blooms by adding clay which acts as a magnet for algae. A lack funds keeps China from tackling the problem using more naturalized means. A severe drought in 2006, caused large amounts of seawater to flow upstream on the Xinjiang River in southern China. In Macau salinity levels in the river jumped to almost three time above the World Health Organization standards.To combat the problem water was diverted into it from the Beijiang River in Guangdong. Water Bodies Struck by Algae Blooms in China Red tides have increase d in their numbers and severity in coastal areas of China, particularly in Bohai Bay off eastern China, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Large red tides have occurred around the Zhoushan Islands near Shanghai. In May and June 2004, two huge red tides, covering a total area size of 1. 3 million soccer fields, developed in Bohai Bay.One occurred near the mouth of the Yellow River and affected an area of 1,850 square kilometers. Another struck near the port city of Tianjin and covered nearly 3,200 square kilometers. It was blamed on the dumping of large amounts of waste water and sewage into the bay and rivers leading into the bay. In June 2007, coastal waters off the booming industrial town of Shenzhen were hit by one the biggest ever red tides. It produced a 50 square kilometer slick and was caused by pollution and persisted because of a lack of rain.There were large algae blooms in freshwater lakes throughout China in 2007. Some were blamed on pollution. Others were blame d on drought. In Jiangsu Province the water level in one lake dropped to its lowest level in 50 years and became inundate with blue-green algae that produced smelly, undrinkable water. Lake Tai Pollution Lake Tai is often choked with industrial waste from factories producing paper, film and dyes, urban sewage and agricultural run-off. It sometimes is covered with green algae as a result of nitrogen and phosphate pollution.Locals complain of polluted irrigation water that causes their skin to peal, dyes that turn the water red and fumes that sting their eyes. Dams built for flood control and irrigation have prevented Lake Tais from flushing out pesticides and fertilizers that flow into it. Particularly damaging are phosphates which suck out life-sustaining oxygen. Starting in the 1980s a number of chemical factories were built on its shores. As of the late 1990s there were 2,800 chemical factories around the lake, some of which released their waste directly into the lake in the midd le of the night to avoid detection.Lake Tai Algae Blooms Algae bloom in Lake Tai In the summer of 2007, large algae blooms covered parts of Lake Tai and Lake Chao, Chinas third and fifth largest freshwater lakes, making the water undrinkable and producing a terrible stench. Two million of residents of Wuxi, who normally rely on water from the Lake Tai for drinking water, couldnt bathe or wash dishes and hoarded bottled water that rose in price from $1 a bottle to $6 a bottle. Some turned on their taps only to have sludge emerge.The bloom on Lake Tai lasted for six days until it was flushed out by rain and water diverted from the Yangtze River. The bloom on Lake Chao did not threaten water supplies. Reporting from Zhoutie, near Lake Tai, William Wan wrote in Washington Post, You smell the lake before you see it, an overwhelming stench like rotten eggs mixed with manure. The visuals are just as bad, the shore caked with toxic blue-green algae.Farther out, where the algae is more dilut ed but equally provide by pollution, it swirls with the currents, a vast network of green tendrils across the surface of Tai Lake. Source William Wan, Washington Post, October 29, 2010 much(prenominal) pollution problems are now widespread in China after three decades of unbridled economic growth. But whats surprising about Tai Lake is the money and attention thats been spent on the problem and how little either has accomplished. Some of the countrys highest-ranking leaders, including Premier Wen Jiabao, have declared it a national priority. Millions of dollars have been poured into the cleanup. And yet, the lake is still a mess.The water remains undrinkable, the fish nearly gone, the fetid smell lingering over villages. Ibid At Tai Lake, part of the problem is that the same industrial factories poisoning the water also transformed the land into an economic powerhouse. Shutting them down, local leaders say, would destroy the economy overnight. In fact, many of the factories shut down during the 2007 scandal have since reopened under different names, environmentalists say. Ibid Tai Lake is the embodiment of Chinas losing fight against pollution. This summer, the government said that, notwithstanding stricter rules, pollution is rising again across the country in key categories such as emissions of second dioxide, which causes acid rain.Just months before, the government had revealed that water pollution was more than twice as severe as previous official figures had shown. Ibid The algae bloom on Lake Tai was caused by toxic cyanobacteria, commonly called pond scum. It turned much of the lake florescent green and produced a terrible stench that could be smelled miles away from the lake. The Lake Tai bloom became a symbol of Chinas lack of environmental regulations. Afterwards a high-level clash on the lakes future was convened, with Beijing closing down hundreds of chemical factories and promising to spend $14. 4 billion to clean up the lake.